WiFi Security

Wireless Access Methods
Open Authentication - Only need to know the network name/SSID.
Captive Portal - Web page that is launched first when connecting through a network.
Shared Authentication
The client and the wireless access point must negotiate and share a key prior to initiating communications.
Pre-Shared Key (PSK) - Each user uses the same key to connect to the WiFi.
Enterprise
A server handles distribution of cryptographic keys and/or digital certificates.
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)
Standard to simplify Wireless Access Point (AP) setup for home users.
Three modes:
PIN Entry
Push-Button Configuration (PBC)
Near Field Communicaiton (NFC)
Wireless Cryptographic Protocols
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) - This original wireless encryption standard should not be used today.
WiFi Protected Access (WPA) - WPA was developed in response to security concerns over WEP.
WiFi Protected Access Version 2 (WPA2)
Required for WiFi certified devices.
Uses AES for encryption.
Based on the IEEE 802.11i standard.
WiFi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)
Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaning Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP)
Replaced TKIP
Based on AES encryption cipher.
CCM combines CTR for confidentiality and CBC-MAC for authentication and integrity.
Fully implements the IEE802.11i-2004 WiFi security standards.
Authentication Protocols
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
Requires an authentication server.
Allows authentication methods beyond username/password.
Provides support for public certificates.
Four modes:
PEAP - Protected EAP
EAP-TLS - EAP-Transport Layer Security
EAP-TTLS - EAP Tunneled Transport Layer Security
EAP-FAST - EAP Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling
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IEEE 802.1x
The IEEE standard for port-based network access control.
RADIUS Federation
A group of RADIUS servers that assist with network froaming. 
The servers will validate the login credentials of a user belonging to another RADIUS server's network. 
Using RADIUS to authenticate between entities.
As part of PEAP negotiation, client establishes a TLS session with a RADIUS server.
Client authenticates with RADIUS server.

Cryptography Algorithms

Public Key Infrastructure

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Wireless Access Methods

WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)

Wireless Cryptographic Protocols

WiFi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)

Authentication Protocols